1. Birth in Bilbao, Spain, of Domingo de Basavilbaso, 1709. He arrived in Buenos Aires at a very young age, was successful in various business enterprises and held important public positions. He created the postal service in this part of the Americas. He is considered the founder of the Argentine Post Office ( Correo Argentino .) He died in Buenos Aires, May 9, 1775.
1. Abolition of tribute, 1811. The Government Junta of the United Provinces of the Plata River abolished throughout the territory a tribute that all Indians had to pay to the Spanish crown simply for residing in these lands. It had been created by King Charles I on June 26, 1523.
1. A British army of 10.000 men under Lt. Gen. Sir George Prevost crossed the Canadian
border and advanced along the western shore of Lake Champlain, 1814.
1. The Prussians defeat the French at the Battle of Sedan, 1870.
1. Britain signs peace treaty with the Zulus, 1879.
1. St Petersburg renamed Petrograd, 1914.
1. Germany invades Poland and annexes Danzig, 1939.
2. Anthony is defeated by Octavius at Actium, 31 bC.
2. Birth in Buenos Aires of José Esteban Echeverría, 1805. He was a poet and the author of several remarkable works, among them The Captive ( La cautiva ) and the Socialist Dogma of the May Association ( El dogma socialista de la Asociación de Mayo .) He died in Montevideo on January 19, 1851.
2. Death in Cadiz, Spain, of Bernardino Rivadavia, 1845. He served in the military during the British Invasions of 1806 and 1807. He was one of the main personalities involved in the events that in May 25, 1810 lead to the establishment of the first patriot government. He was the secretary of the First Triumvirate and was sent to Europe as on a diplomatic mission. Upon his return he was appointed government minister of Governor General Martín Rodríguez. He created many institutions: the University of Buenos Aires, schools in the city and rural areas, hospitals, homes for the elderly, etc. As minister and later as president, elected on February 7, 1826, he was a great promoter of adult and children's education. He enacted a Unitarian Constitution that was rejected by the provinces, leading to a new internal war. During his presidential administration there was a War against the Brazilian Empire. He resigned his position before the General Constitutional Assembly on June 27, 1827, in a gesture of civic greatness that increased his public stature. He had been born May 20, 1780.
2. Atlanta entered by Union troops, Georgia, 1864.
2. Battle of Omdurman, 1898. A large British force led by Lt. Gen. Sir Horatio H. Kitchener
smashed the Dervishes, more than a decade after the fell of Khartoum.
2. General Douglas Mac Arthur accepts formal surrending of Japan on battleship USS Missouri anchored at Tokyo Bay, 1945.
3. Charles II defeated by Cromwell at Worcester, 1651.
3. Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, dies, 1658.
3. King III of Spain decreed the March of the Grenadiers or Grenadier March to be the Spanish Honor March, 1770. This splendid composition, by an unknown author, was published by Tradition i n two of its productions: performed by the Military Band of the Patricios Infantry Regiment in and also performed by the Wind Pipe Band Ciudad de Buenos Aires in It is currently Spain's National Anthem.
3. Signing of a Peace Treaty in Versailles, France, 1783, between the governments of Spain and England, whereby the latter transferred Florida and the island of Minorca to Spain. It also provided that the government of the Plata River would be in full possession of Colonia del Sacramento.
3. Battle of Las Piedras, 1812. The vanguard of the royalist army commanded by General Pío Tristán attacked the rear guard of General Manuel Belgrano's independentist army as it was withdrawing towards the city of Tucumán. After a fierce and intense fight the patriots came out victorious.
3. Brazilian victory in the War of Paraguay, 1866. A column led by General Porto Alegre attacked and defeated the Paraguayan troops that defended the Curuzú batteries, which in turn were reinforcing those of Curupaytí.
3. Australia, Britain, France and New Zealand declare war on Germany, 1939.
3. Liberation of Brussels and Lyon, 1944.
3. Ho Chi Minh, Vietnamese dictator, dies, 1969.
4. Mahomet II is forced back at Belgrade, 1456.
4. Progressive decree of the First Government Junta, 1812. A decree signed by Feliciano A. Chiclana, General Juan M. de Pueyrredón and Bernardino Rivadavia broke with the old traditional Spanish rejection to all things foreign. It opened up the borders of the fatherland to all foreigners who abided by the laws and did not disrupt public order. It also promoted agriculture, extending benefits to those that wished to settle with the purpose of working the land.
4. The frigate La Argentina was used to combat slave traffic in Africa, 1817. The ship arrived to the port of Tamatave, in the island of Madagascar, commanded by Captain Hipolite Bouchard. There they found three ships in the search for slaves. Bourchard was invited by a British naval officer to assist with his ship in fighting slave traffic until the arrival of a British ship. In accordance with the spirit of his instructions and following the postulates of the 1813 Assembly, La Argentina operated in the area for almost two weeks, preventing human shipments.
4. Civil marriage debate in the National Senate, 1888. Under the chairmanship of the Republic's Vice President, Carlos Pellegrini, a letter of the Bishop of Cordoba, friar Reginaldo Toro was read: “... according to the Catholic doctrine, it is an evangelical act and one of the seven sacraments of evangelical law; it is therefore subject to the law of the Church and civil institutions lack powers to legislate on such matters.” It then went on to assert that the ecclesiastical laws, accepted by the Argentine Civil Code, fully satisfied all the needs of our society. Next, Senator for Cordoba D. Pizarro opposed the social need for civil marriage that was being propounded by the government: “Instead of responding to a social need, the only purpose of this law is producing a social reform.” That day it was announced that at the next meeting of the Senate, the proposed reform would be put to the vote.
4. Liberation of Antwerp, 1944.
5. Battle of the Virginia Capes, 1781. A French battle fleet commanded by Admiral Francois
J. Paul, Comte De Grasse, defeats at Chesapeake Bay, British fleet of Admiral Sir Thomas
Graves. After the battle, British vessels return toward the safety of New York and French
fleet blockade Yorktown. Admiral De Grasse promised General George Washington that
his fleet would stay until the end of October and offered the aid of 2.000 of his matelots if
they were hended for the assault on Lieutenant General Charles, Earl Cornwallis' fortifications.
With no help in sight Cornwallis asked for terms on October 17. Negotiations took a
day, and on the morning of October 19, the British marched out of Yorktown to surrender.
5. British forces take Malta, 1800.
5. Railroad between the cities of Santa Fe and Cordoba, 1854. The President of the Confederation, General Justo J. de Urquiza signed a decree accepting a proposal presented by Engineer Allan Campbell to conduct preparatory studies for the layout of the railroad.
5. Death in Brussels, Belgium, of Doctor Eduardo Wilde, 1913. Graduated as a physician in 1870, he taught in the School of Medicine and was the president of the National Department of Hygiene. Elected National Representative and then minister in the administration of General Julio A. Roca, he was the government's spokesman in Congress for a monumental lay education law and the equally important law on civil marriage.
5. First Battle of the Marne begins (to 12-09), 1914.
5. Eleven Israelis are killed by Arab terrorists at the Olympic Games, Munich, 1972.
6. The Saracens are defeated by Richard I at Arsouf, 1191.
6. Arrival in the city of London, England, of the treasure captured in the First British Invasion, 1806. The treasure had been seized from the authorities of the viceroyship in the town of Lujan and amounted to 1,086,208 pesos fuertes .
6. Death of Dardo Rocha, 1921. He was the founder of the city of La Plata and was buried in the crypt of the Cathedral of the city he founded.
7. End of the Jewish Zealots revolt against the Roman Empire, with the recapture of
Jerusalem, 70.
7. Return to Spain of the remainders of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, 1522. Magellan died in the Philippines on April 27, 1521. The expedition began with 265 men; only 18 returned. Lead in the return trip by skipper Sebastian Elcano, they were the first to sail around the world, entering the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Magellan and returning to the Atlantic Ocean through the Cape of Good Hope. Charles V of Spain rewarded the survivors and granted Elcano a coat of arms showing the globe with the banner “ tu primus circundedisti me ”: you were the first to circumnavigate me.
7. Birth in the city of Buenos Aires of General Mariano Necochea, 1792. After completing his studies in Spain, he returned to Buenos Aires in 1811 and immediately embraced the cause of American freedom, joining the Regiment of Mounted Grenadiers. He participated in the Battle of San Lorenzo, as well as in the third expedition to the Upper Peru (currently the Republic of Bolivia), commanded by General José Rondeau. After the defeat of Sipe-Sipe, he joined the Army of the Andes. He took part in the battles of Chacabuco and Maipú. In the Battle of Junín he was leading the cavalry and fell from his horse, after having received fourteen wounds. He was made a Division General on the field. He died in Peru on April 5, 1849.
7. French victory at Borodino and abandonment of Moscow by Russians after the battle,
1812.
7. The Bank of Buenos Aires that had been established on January 15 of that year began operating, 1822. This institution is currently called Banco de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.
7. The Buenos Aires Botanical Garden opens to the public, 1898. Designed by Engineer Carlos L. Thays, it was built on grounds provided by the City's Mayor according to a resolution of President Carlos Pellegrini.
7. End of the Chinese Boxer Rising with the Peace of Peking, 1901.
7. First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, East Prusia (to 14-09), 1914.
7. Australian troops defeat the Japanese at Milne Bay, 1942.
8. Start of withdrawal from Malta by Turkish forces, 1565. After the reinforcement of the
Knights of St. John of Jerusalem by forces headed by Don García de Toledo, Viceroy of
Sicily. Estimation of Turkish losses 25.000. Defenders 7.000, with almost all survivors
wonded.
8. Battle of Bassano, 1796. Forces of Colonel Jean Lannes burst through the Austrian lines
and then storm into town meanwhile Colonel Joachim Murat´s cavalry pursued the fleeing
enemy and took 4.000 prisioners, 35 guns, five colors and two pontoon trains. After this
victory the French C-in-C Napoleon turned his attention to administrative matters and began
the unification of Italy by establishing three new republics: the Cisalpine, centered on Milan;
the Cispadene, combining Modena and Reggio; and the Transpadene, joining Bologna and
Ferrara. He eventually planned to unite those three states into a single North Italian Republic
but he faced hostility from the church and the local nobility.
8. The Liberation Army disembarked in Peru, 1820. The landing operations began in the Bay of Paracas. Later, General José de San Martín, from his Headquarters in Pisco, issued a proclamation recommending that the troops adopt a prudent and respectful behavior toward people and assets, and established penalties for infringers. The date is now marked as the Day of Argentine-Peruvian Friendship.
8. The Republic of Argentina took possession of the Island of Cerrito, 1876, by virtue of the Treaty signed with Paraguay on February 3, 1876. The island is located in the Parana river, between the territories of the provinces of Corrientes and Chaco.
8. Italy surrenders to the Allies, 1943.
9. William I the Conqueror, King of England and Duke of Normandy, dies in Rouen,
France, 1087.
9. The Scots are defeated by the English at the Battle of Flodden, 1513.
9. Birth in the city of Cordoba of General José M. Paz, 1791. He had an extended and brilliant military career that he described in a book called “Memoirs”, considered a classical work due to the quality of its historical and strategic analysis. He participated in the battles of Las Piedras, Salta and Ayohuma, Puesto del Marqués and Venta y Media. In the last of these he received a bullet wound in his right arm, close to the elbow, which was the origin of his nickname : “the one armed.” He fought in Ituzaingó, La Tablada and Oncativo. At a certain point he coordinated the armed forces of nine provinces. On May 10, 1831 he was made prisoner by a federal party, and was incarcerated for a long time in Villa de Luján. During his days in prison he wrote the above-mentioned book.
9. The British forces withdrew from the city of Montevideo, 1807. In accordance with the terms of surrender agreed in Buenos Aires, the forces of General Whitelocke that had occupied and ruled Montevideo since February 3, 1807 surrendered the city to Francisco J. de Elío, and returned to their ships.
9. Shaka, King of the Zulus, is assassinated in Natal, South Africa, 1828.
9. Mao Tse Tung dies in China, 1976.
10. The English are defeated by William Wallace at Cambuskenneth, Scotland, 1297.
10. The Scots are defeated by the English at Pinkey, 1547.
10. US Navy Commandant Olivier H. Perry defeat a squadron of British ships on Lake Erie,
1813. Was the first time in the history of the Royal Navy that an entire squadron was
forced to surrender.
10. Creation of the Province of Entre Ríos, 1814. A decree of the Supreme Director of the United Provinces of the Plata River, Gervasio A. de Posadas, created this new state, separating its territory from that of Corrientes and designating the town of Concepción del Uruguay to be its capital.
10. Creation of the Province of Corrientes, 1814. The same decree created the Province of Corrientes, that comprised the current territory and what is now the Province of Misiones; the provincial capital was the city of Corrientes, founded on April 3, 1588, by Adelantado Juan de Torres de Vera y Aragón with the name of Vera en las Siete Corrientes.
10. French war with Morocco ends with Treaty of Tangier, 1844.
10. Canada declares war on Germany, 1939.
10. Norway premier Vidkun Quisling is sentenced to death for collaboration, 1945.
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