21. Austro-Hungarian Kaiser Franz Josef I, dies, 1916. Born in 1830, he was on the throne since 1848.
22. Prussian troops defeated by Austrians at the Battle of Breslau during the Seven Years War, 1757.
22. General Charles de Gaulle, leader of the Free French during WW II and President of France, is born, 1890.
22. Transport of the remains of the Great Admiral, Christopher Columbus, 1898. From Havana, Cuba, they were shipped to Spain on the San Agustín, in a solemn ceremony.
23. The Red Army encircle Stalingrad, 1942.
24. Signature of the agreement between the Spanish Crown and Juan Díaz de Solís, 1514. Solís undertook to fit a fleet of three ships, one with sixty tons and two with thirty tons, to discover new lands in the coasts of Darién, at that time denominated Castilla de Oro (Golden Castilla). The King contributed 4,000 gold duchies, four bombards and 60 suits of armor. Solís would bear all other costs of the expedition. It was stipulated that the proceeds would be divided into three parts: one for the King, one for Díaz de Solís and the third for the crew. In his journey, Díaz de Solís discovered the Plata river.
24. Capture of the city of Monterrey by Argentine corsairs, 1818. Part of the crew of the ships La Argentina and Chacabuco, commanded by Captain Hipólito Bouchard, disembarked and took hold of the city of San Carlos de Monterrey, raising the Argentine flag.
24. Sir Irma S. Maxim, inventor and developer of the machine gun, dies in London, 1916.
28. George Washington retreats through New Jersey to Pennsylvania, 1776.
28. Beginning of Tehran Conference, 1943.
28. Creation of the Alamo Scouts, 1943. By command of the Lt. General Walter Krueger, this unit conduct pre-invasion reconnaissance missions, coordinate guerrilla activities, liberate American POW from Japanese camps, etc. Their final mission was to accompany General Krueger to Japan after the surrender in September, 1945. Two months later, the Alamo Scouts were disbanded.
29. Battle of Sipe-Sipe, 1815. A Spanish army led by General Pezuela, victorious in the battles of Vilcapugio and Ayohuma, defeated the Argentine army commanded by General José Rondeau in Pampa de Sipe-Sipe, at the foot of the Viluna slope in the Upper Peru. The battle was intense and the Patriot forces lost over 1,000 men counting the fallen, injured and prisoners, plus one flag, nine cannons and 1,500 rifles. The rest of the army was saved and retreated in order, thanks to the ceaseless charges of the cavalry commanded by Colonel Mariano Necochea and Major Gregorio Aráoz de La Madrid. In his report, General Pezuela wrote: "The enemy was beaten on the battle field, but always regrouped and defended the terrain inch by inch, with the sort of tenacity and discipline that you may find in the best troops. Their cavalry did an admirable job."
29. Massacre of Cheyenn and Arapahoe Indians at Sand Creek, Colorado, 1864.
30. Napoleon's remains arrive in France, 1840.
30. Sir Winston Churchill, brillant statesman, historian and journalist, is born in 1874.
30. The Soviet Union invades Finland, 1939.
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