21. Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, Viceroy of the Plata, agreed to convene an Open Cabildo, 1810.
21. Attack against the French fleet commanded by Viscount de Venancourt to Argentine ships anchored in the Buenos Aires city roadster, 1829.
22. Alexander the Great defeats Darius at Granicus, 334 bC.
22. Battle of St. Albans. First battle of the War of the Roses in England, that led to a Yorkist victory and the capture of King Henry VI, 1455.
22. Open Cabildo in the city of Buenos Aires, 1810. The popular assembly convened by the Viceroy on the previous day began meeting during morning hours. There was an intense debate between a group of Spanish citizens who wanted the colonial regime to continue ruling with some minor reforms and confronted the patriots who declared the government and the authority of Spain to have become extinguished, and proposed a full change of the political order, with a government emerging from the people. Put to the vote, the majority decided for popular sovereignty and deposed the Viceroy, transferring his powers to the Cabildo for the prompt appointment of a Government Junta, until deputies from the other provinces and cities could meet. According to General and historian Bartolomé Mitre "... the Cabildo clock was striking midnight at the time the vote ended. That was the last hour of Spanish domination in the Plata River. The bell that would later toll for the Revolution's alarms resounded at that time in a slow cadence over the heads of the first sovereign assembly, which inaugurated freedom and proclaimed the rights of men in the Argentine fatherland."
22. The Pact of Steel is signed by Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, 1939.
23. Marlborough defeats the French at the Battle of Ramillies, 1706.
23. Publication of a banner announced by war drums in the city of Buenos Aires, of the decision made the previous night at the Open Cabildo, 1810. A company of the Legion of Voluntary Urban Patricians –later Infantry Regiment 1 Patricians—led by Commander Eustaquio Díaz Vélez, informed the city's people of the extinguishment of the Viceroy's authority and that the Cabildo had taken over to appoint a Junta until the provinces establish through their representatives the most convenient form of government.
23. The Congress of the United Provinces of the Plata River granted a pension for life to General Juan A. de Lavalleja and his so-called 33 Orientals, 1826. They were the patriots which began a liberation campaign for the independence of the East Bank from Brazilian domination, with the initial purpose of rejoining what would later become the Republic of Uruguay to the United Provinces of the Plata River.
23. Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary, 1915.
23. Heinrich Himmler, Nazi Minister of the Interior and leader of the SS, commits suicide in Germany, 1945.
24. Baltasar Hidalgo de Cisneros, Viceroy of the Plata River resigned his office, 1810. The Open Cabildo of May 22 had voted to depose the Viceroy, wherefore Cornelio de Saavedra, Colonel and chief of the Legion of Voluntary Urban Patricians of Buenos Aires and Juan J. Castelli together with other independentists appeared before him to demand his resignation with transfer of command. Cisneros accepted and signed his letter of resignation before witnesses.
24. Battle of Pichincha, 1822. An independence army, consisting of Colombian, Peruvian and Argentine forces, commanded by Venezuelan General Antonio J. de Sucre, defeated the royalist army of General Melchor de Aymerich, at the foothills of the Pichincha mountain, in Ecuador. The consequences of this battle were the capitulation of the city of Quito and the end of Spanish domination in Ecuador.
24. Signing of a preliminary peace convention between the Republic of Argentina and the Empire of Brazil, 1827. It was signed in the city of Rio de Janeiro by Manuel García for Argentina and the Marquis of Quetus y Macías and Viscount de San Leopoldo for Brazil.
24. Signing of a treaty between Argentina and Great Britain to abolish and prosecute slave trade, 1839.
24. Battle of Tuyutí, 1866. During the War with Paraguay, Paraguayan forces attacked Argentine and allied forces in the fields of Tuyutí. The battle lasted close to five hours and was very bloody and fierce. The Paraguayans were defeated, and left some 4,200 dead and 370 prisoners on the field. The allied losses were also high: around 3,500 men between dead and wounded.
24. German armoured divisions halt before Dunkirk, 1940.
24. The battleship Bismarck sinks HMS Hood off the coast of Greenland, 1941.
25. Establishment of the first patriot government, 1810. With the resignation of the Viceroy and imposing their will on the Buenos Aires Cabildo, which had temporarily assumed the supreme authority of the state, the Provisional Government Junta of the Plata River was created with Cornelio de Saavedra as President, Juan J. Castelli; Manuel Belgrano; Miguel de Azcuénaga; Manuel Alberti; Domingo Matheu y Juan Larrea as members and Juan J. Paso and Mariano Moreno as secretaries. Among its first measures, the Junta rejected the authority of the Spanish Regency Council and announced that military forces would be sent to the interior to maintain order.
25. Foundational assembly of Club del Progreso (Progress Club) in the city of Buenos Aires, 1852. Diego de Alvear was elected its first president and Felipe Lavallol its vice president. The first public action of the Club was a banquet to celebrate the 25th of May.
25. Death of Female Lieutenant Colonel of the Argentine Army Juana Azurduy de Padilla, 1862. She had been born in the city of Chuquisaca, Upper Peru (currently Bolivia), 08-03-1781. In 1805 she married Colonel Manuel A. Padilla, and accompanied him in all his war trips and actions. She had been highly born and had received a polished education. Her personal courage became legendary. She commanded a battalion in the battle of Cerro Carretas of 04-04-1815 and was present at the defeat of La Laguna of 14-09-1816, where the patriot forces were crushed. On the next day, his husband was killed by the Spanish forces, while protecting the flight of his wife. She later continued serving the country and in 13-08-1816 was awarded the rank of Lieutenant Colonel "honoring her distinguished patriotism."
25. Igor I. Sikorsky, aeronautical engineer and inventor, born in Kiev, Russia, 1889.
25. Inauguration of the Colon Theater in the city of Buenos Aires, 1908.
26. John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, military commander, is born in Ashe, Devon, England, 1650.
26. The Confederate General Kirby Smith surrenders in Texas, end of the US Civil War, 1865.
26. Transcaucasian Republic dissolved. Armenia signs Treaty of Batum with Turkey, 1918.
26. The Riff war ends with surrender to the French, 1926.
26. A Fairey TSR-II Swordfish biplane torpedo bomber from the carrier HMS Ark Royal scored a torpedo hit on German battleship Bismarck steering gear. The resultant damage anabled the British fleet to finally overtake the battleship and sink her the next morning.
27. The Spanish army commanded by General Pezuela entered the city of Jujuy, 1814. Following a strategy devised to annihilate the independence revolution that had arisen in Buenos Aires, the royalists intended to form pincers with the other Spanish forces that dominated the city of Montevideo.
27. Complete destruction of the Russian Fleet at Tsushima Straits by Japanese forces, 1905.
27. Starting of a German offensive at the Western Front, 1918.
27. Evacuation begins from Dunkirk (ends 04-06), 1940.
27. German battleship Bismarck sunk, 1941.
28. The Battle of Cantigny (to 30-05). First division-size offensive action conducted by the Big Red One 1st. Division of the American Expeditionary Forces during WWI, 1918.
28. Allies capture Narvik, Norway, 1940.
28. Soviet forces defeated in Battle of Kharkov, 1942.
29. Constantinople, the capital of Christian Byzantium, fell to the Otoman Turks, 1453.
29. German forces take Mort Homme Hill, Verdun, 1916.
30. Joan of Arc is burnt at the stake in Rouen, 1431.
30. Birth in England of engineer John G. La Trobe Bateman, 1810. He arrived in the River Plate in 1870, having been hired by the Argentine government to carry out several major public works, such as a port, and improve the supply of piped water and drainage. He died in his country, 10-06-1889.
30. Arrival to the city of Buenos Aires of several flags of Spanish army units taken by Argentine forces in Peru, 1822. They had been sent in November of the previous year by General José de San Martín and belonged to the Africa Light Battalion, the Reserve Grenadiers Battalion; the Chaupiguaranga Regiment; the Talavera Regiment and the Tarma Cavalry Regiment.
30. Wilbur Wright, aviation pioneer, dies in Dayton, Ohio, 1912.
30. Thousand-bomber raid on Cologne, Germany, 1942.
31. Signature of the San Nicolas Agreement, 1852. Shortly after the Battle of Caseros, Brigadier General Justo J. de Urquiza invited the governors of the provinces forming the Argentine Confederation to meet with the purpose of agreeing on the date of a General Congress that, pursuant to the existing treaties and the vote of the people of the Republic, was to approve a Constitution to regularize the political relations in the country.
31. First war ship launched at the new shipyards of Gdansk (Danzig), East Prusia, for the Imperial German Navy, 1893. This new center, created by the engineer Ferdinand Schichau, was established at the mouth of the Vistula River. With the ascension to the throne of Friedrich Wilhelm II, king of Prussia and kaiser (emperor) of Germany (rex 1888-1918), a big expansion of the Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy) was started. Several of the battleships and other minor units of the Hochseeflotte (high seas fleet) were born there. During WWII the Schichau shipyard built a great number of U-boats for Hitler's Kriegsmarine. The great anti-Soviet social movement in Poland of recent years was born there. Led after 1980 by Lech Walesa and his Solidarity union, has become a symbol of a reborn Poland.
31. The Boer War ends with the Peace of Vereeniging, 1902.
31. Battle of Jutland (to 02-06), North Sea, 1916. Both the Germans and the British claimed victory; the Germans because they sank more ships; the British because the German high seas fleet would never again venture from their ports for the rest of WWI.
31. End of fighting for Crete, 1941.
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