1. Defeat of Maximus at Tzirallum by Licinius Licinianus, 313.
1. Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington, born 1769.
1. Pronouncement of General Justo J. de Urquiza against Dictator Rosas, 1851. A resident of Concepción del Uruguay, Pascual Calvento, read the Pronouncement before a crowd that had congregated. In Montevideo, on May 29, an alliance would be formalized between Brazil, the Republic of Uruguay and the Province of Entre Ríos to begin the military operations that would conclude at the Battle of Caseros.
1. Enactment of the Constitution of Argentina, 1853. The General Constitutional Assembly, meeting in the city of Santa Fe, passed the Constitution that governed Argentina during its years of greatest growth and welfare.
1. Signing of the Triple Alliance Treaty, War with Paraguay, 1865. Argentina, Uruguay and the Empire of Brazil signed in Buenos Aires a defensive and offensive alliance treaty against Paraguay.
1. The trains of Ferrocarril del Sud (Southern Railway) started running from Constitución Station, 1884.
1. US Admiral George Dewey routs the Spanish Fleet at Manila, 1898.
1. Sebastopol occupied by German troops, 1918.
1. Surrender of the German Army in Italy, 1945.
1. Joseph Goebbels, Nazi leader and propagandist, suicide, 1945.
1. Major offensive by US and South Viet Nam forces into Cambodia, 1970.
2. The British fleet that would conquer the city of Buenos Aires set sail from the Island of Saint Helen, 1806.
2. Battle of Estero Bellaco, War with Paraguay, 1866. Allied forces defeated a Paraguayan army commanded by Dictator López that launched a spirited attach against the vanguard led by Uruguayan General Venancio Flores. In the fierce clash, the Paraguayans lost half of their original force of five thousand men.
2. Death of Doctor Carlos C. G. Burmeister, 1892. He had been born in Germany, 1807. He arrived in Argentina in 1856. He became renowned as a result of his paleonthologic studies. For many years he directed the Bernardino Rivadavia National Natural Science Museum.
2. Creation of the Naval Museum established in the city of Tigre, Province of Buenos Aires, 1915.
2. Forty one German U-boats sunk, 1943.
2. Fall of Berlin, 1945.
3. Nicolo Machiavelli, diplomat and autor of The Prince, born in Florence, Italy, 1469.
3. The Argentine Government received the declaration of war of the Government of Paraguay, 1865. The letter with the war declaration was dated 29-03-1865.
3. Presentation of a bill in the National Senate reducing senatorial salaries, 1879. Doctor Luis Sáenz Peña justified this project indicating that " ...the Legislature should be the first to adopt a conduct of strict economy of administrative expenses." Senator Pereyra, supporting the initiative, proposed that salaries be reduced to 500 pesos, which was approved by the Senate.
4. Battle of Tewkesbury, 1471. Three weeks later of the Battle of Barnet, a new victory of Yorkists on Lancastrians. Although that was not to be the end of the War of the Roses, England would enjoy a 14-year respite from the bloodshed.
4. Birth in Buenos Aires of Navy Colonel Martín J. Thompson, 1777. After initial studies in his home town, he continued studying in England and Spain, where he graduated as an ensign. Having returned to the country, he took part in the combats against the British Invasions and then supported the establishment of an independent government in May, 1810. He performed diplomatic functions before the Government of the United States of America, and obtained its recognition of Argentine independence. He died at sea on 23-10-1819. He was married to María Sánchez, better known in the country's history as Mariquita Sánchez de Thompson, in whose house reportedly the patriotic song that would later become the Argentine National Anthem was performed for the first time.
4. Estimated to be the date of birth of Vicente López y Planes, 1784. He was the author of the poem that become the lyrics of the patriotic march that was selected by the National Constitutional Assembly established in 1813, in its session of May 11 of that year, to identify the country as the national anthem. Besides being a judge, he was a deputy and politician. He lived to see the fall of Rosas' government and the beginnings of the establishment of the Republic. He died 10-10-1856.
4. Maori risings against the British in New Zealand, 1863.
4. Battle of Aratá, 1868. The Paraguayan army attacked the Argentine and Brazilian forces, and was rejected, suffering heavy losses.
4. Battle of Coral Sea begins, 1942.
5. Creation of a holiday on May 25 each year in commemoration of the creation of the first patriotic government, 1813.
5. Battle of Gavilán, 1817. The independence forces operating in Chile under the command of then Colonel Juan Gregorio de Las Heras, were attacked by royalist forces led by General Ordóñez. The Spaniards were defeated, leaving most of their artillery and a large number of casualties on the field.
5. Napoleon Bonaparte, French Emperor, dies in St. Helena, 1821.
5. Addis Ababa is occupied by the Italians, thus ends the war with Abyssinia, 1936.
5. Emperor of Abyssinia restored to his throne, 1941.
6. Frederick II of Prussia takes Prague (Seven Years War), 1757.
6. Naval combat in front of Buenos Aires, 1827. In the war with Brazil, patriot naval forces commanded by Admiral William Brown defeated Brazilian forces. The Admiral was wounded in combat.
6. Death of Alexander von Humboldt, 1859. He had been born in Berlin, Prussia, 14-09-1769. Together with another great naturalist –Aimé Bonpland- they have been deservedly honored with the title of scientific rediscoverers of America.
6. General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy routes the Union Army under the command of Joseph E. Hooker at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia, 1863.
6. Chasquis (messengers) brought news to Buenos Aires of the operations in the Desert Campaign, 1879. General Julio A. Roca, was marching to the Colorado River with 1,800 veterans, while the center division commanded by Colonel Eduardo Racedo had advanced to a position located 40 leagues away from Villa Mercedes, seeking to converge with the forces that had departed from Cordoba, at Médano Colorado.
7. Joseph Broz "Marshal Tito", guerrilla leader and Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, is born in Croatia, 1892.
7. Terrorist attack in the city of Buenos Aires, 1909. Explosion of a bomb that had been placed in a tramway. The driver noticed a suspicious package and with extreme courage placed it on a sidewalk, in the corner of Corrientes and Cerrito, and warned the police. In spite of his gesture, he did not manage to convince all the passersby to move away and when the bomb exploded around 20 people were injured.
7. The SS Lusitania is sunk by the Germans off the coast of Ireland. Nearly 2000 people perish, 1915.
7. US surrender at Corregidor, 1942.
7. General Dwight Einsehower accepts the capitulation of Germany from General Alfred Jodl, 1945.
7. The Communist Vietnamese capture Dien Bien Phu, 1954.
8. Discovery of the Parana River, 1527. After founding the fort of Saint John on the east bank of the Plata River, Sebastian Cabot –Great Pilot of Spain—sailed into this large river that is an affluent of the former.
8. Law of Freedom of the Press, 1828. On an initiative of the Governor of Buenos Aires, Colonel Manuel Dorrego, the Legislature passed the so-called "8th of May" Law, guaranteeing the freedom of the press.
8. Mexicans defeated by US forces at Matamoros, 1846.
8. VE (Victory in Europe) Day. Last day of military operations in Europe during WWII, 1945.
8. Surrending of the fortress of Dien Bien Phu, 1954.
9. Great Admiral Christopher Columbus sailed from the port of Cadiz on his fourth and last trip of discovery of the New World, 1502.
9. Battle of Heligoland Bight, 1864. Was the last sea battle involving fleets of wooden steam ships. An Austro-Prussian squadron fought against a Danish fleet. The Danish inflicted the most damage into the battle but the Austro-Prussian claimed the strategic victory.
9. Abyssinia annexed by Italy, 1936.
9. Soviet troops enter Prague, 1945.
9. Mines were dropped around all major North Vietnamese ports by US planes, 1972.
10. Letter of Martín del Barco Centenera written in Lisbon to Marquis Castel Rodrigo, Viceroy, Governor and Captain General of Portugal, 1601. In it he informed him that he had written a book on what he had seen during his twenty-four years of residence in the Provinces of the Plata River, which he called Argentina "...taking the name of the main subject which is the Plata River". It is the first mention of the name of the future Republic.
10. Fort Ticonderoga in New York falls to the Americans in the War of Independence, 1775.
10. Battle of Lodi, 1796. The Austrian C-in-C General Jean Pierre Beaulieu with his whole army cross the Adda River, leaving 10.000 men and a dozen cannons at the bridge as a covering force. The French C-in-C General Napoleon Bonaparte personally led the charge of his grenadiers. The first charge failed but a second effort was successful.
10. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, Confederate General in the American Civil War, dies near Charlottesville, Virginia, 1863.
10. The President of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davies, is taken prisoner by the Union at Irwinsville, Georgia, 1865.
10. Speech by General Bartolomé Mitre adhering to the recent abolition of slavery in Brazil, 1888.
10. Second National Census, 1895. This Census, conducted 27 years after the first, reported the following findings: total population of the Republic of Argentina: 4,044,911 inhabitants; urban population: 1,690,966; rural population: 2,263,384; Argentine citizens: 2,950,384; foreign citizens: 1,004,527. Of the foreigners, approximately half were Italian, followed by those of Spanish origin.
10. Germany invades the Low Countries, 1940.
10. Churchill becomes Primer Minister of the United Kingdom, 1940.
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