21. Antonio López de Santa Ana, revolutionary, military commander and President of México, dies in Mexico City, 1876.
21. Annexation of Zululand by the British in South Africa, 1887,
21. Free French forces take Damascus, 1941.
21. Tobruk is taken by Afrika Corps under the command of Marshal Erwin Rommel, 1942.
22. Antiochus III the Great, is defeated at the Battle of Raphia, near Gaza, by Ptolomy IV, King of Egypt, 217 bC.
22. Born in Foxford, County Mayo, Ireland, Admiral William Brown, 1777. He is the topmost figure of the Argentine Navy and is considered its founder. Besides having extraordinary personal courage, he was an example of dignity and abnegation in the pursuit of his ideals. He died in the city of Buenos Aires on 03-03-1857.
22. By order of the Provisional Government Junta of the Plata River, former viceroy Baltasar H. de Cisneros was embarked on an English ship sailing for the Canary Islands, 1810.
22. Executed by a firing squad by order of dictator Juan M. Rosas, former governor of the Province of Santa Fe, Domingo Cullen, in the Vergara post, close to Arroyo del Medio, 1839.
22. Queen Isobelle II of Spain recognized the Independence of the United Provinces of the Plata River, 1860.
22. Death in the city of Salta of General Rudecindo Alvarado, 1872. Born in said city on 01-03-1792, he had his fire baptism in the battle of Huaqui. As an independence warrior, he participated in battles and combats throughout the area. He reached the ranks of Field Marshall in Chile, Great Marshall of Peru and Brigadier General of Argentina. In the Battle of Maipú he defeated the Royal Burgos Regiment, that had been very successful in the Peninsular Wars. He was the governor of the El Callao fortress during the riot of the royalist prisoners and was captured by them, to be later released after the decisive victory of Ayacucho. In 1831 he was governor of Salta.
22. Erich M. Remarque, writer and author of All Quiet on the Western Front is born in Germany, 1898.
22. French sign armistice with Germany, 1940.
22. Beginning of "Operation Barbarossa", German invasion of the Soviet Union, 1941.
23. Clive's victory at the Battle of Plassey (Bengal), against forces of Surjah Dowlah lays the foundation of the British Empire in India, 1757.
23. General Carlos M. de Alvear took the city of Montevideo, 1814. Besides obtaining a very important arsenal on land, he captured 99 merchant and war ships and 8 flags, among them those belonging to infantry regiments Lorca, América, Provincia, Albuera and Madrid, besides thousands of prisoners. The occupation of the city marked the fall of the last Spanish bulwark in the Plata River.
23. Axis forces cross Egyptian frontier, 1942.
24. Vespasian (Titus Flavius Sabinus Vespasianus), Roman Emperor, is born in Rome, 79.
24. Bruce defeats the English at the Battle of Bannockburn, 1314.
24. Foundation of the City of London of New England in the province of Tucuman, Juríes and Daguitas, 1558. Its founder was General Juan Pérez de Zurita by command of the provincial governor García Hurtado de Mendoza. It is located in what is now territory of the province of Catamarca. The name was a tribute to Mary Stuart, Queen of England, married to Spanish King Philip II. Destroyed by the Indians, it was moved to Huasán de Andalgalá in 1562; in 1607 it was moved again to the current location of the city of Belen and later to its original location in 1612. The fifth and current London, with the name of San Juan Bautista de la Ribera de Londres in Pomán was refunded on 15-09-1633, by General Gerónimo Luis de Cabrera y Garay, a grandson of the founder of the city of Córdoba.
24. Birth in Battingloss, County Wicklow, Ireland, of General John T. O'Brien, 1786. He accompanied General José de San Martín in the quest for South American freedom. After the proclamation of the independence of Peru, San Martín informed the people of Lima that he would present the banner of Conqueror Francisco de Pizarro to his aide O'Brien. He died in the city of Lisbon, Portugal, 01-06-1861. His remains were transported and buried in Argentina in November 1935.
24. Arrival of the British fleet to Barragán Cove, province of Buenos Aires, 1806. Formed by 12 ships, 4 of them ships of the line, they simulated they were landing that same day, but actually conducted it in Quilmes on the following day, beginning the land operations of the First British Invasion to Buenos Aires.
24. Arrival of the British ship to Barragán Cove, 1807. Consisting of some 80 ships, it transported the forces that would conduct the Second British Invasion to Buenos Aires.
24. Napoleon enters Russia, 1812.
24. Lord Horatio Kitchener, soldier, is born in Kerry, Ireland, 1850.
25. British landing in Quilmes, 1806. A force of approximately 1,600 men commanded by General William Carr Beresford, disembarked and began marching to the city of Buenos Aires. The Marquis Rafael de Sobremonte, then viceroy of the Plata River, fled the city to take refuge in the city of Cordoba, with part of the public treasure, in order to—as he would later declare—be in a position to organize the resistance.
25. General George A. Custer heads US troops against Sioux indians on the Little Big Horn river in Montana, and is massacred, 1876.
25. Hermann Julius Oberth, German pioneer of rocket design, chiefly responsible for the V-2 project, is born in Hermannstadt, Transylvania, 1894.
25. Lord Louis Mountbatten, First Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Supreme Allied Commander in South-East Asia, last Viceroy of India, is born in Windsor, 1900.
25. South Korea is invaded by North Koreans, 1950.
26. Francisco Pizarro, Spanish conqueror of the Inca Empire, dies in Lima, Peru, 1541.
26. Birth in Buenos Aires of Lieutenant General Bartolomé Mitre, 1821. Distinguished military and brilliant historian and politician. Exiled from Argentina during the dictatorial government of Governor Juan M. Rosas, he was the Director of Bolivia's Military Academy and then a journalist in Chile and Uruguay. As an artillery officer in 1852 he directed Argentine artillery in the Battle of Caseros, in which Rosas was ousted and Mitre was promoted to Colonel on the battle field. He commanded the army of Buenos Aires in the battles of Cepeda and Pavón, after which he was appointed President of the Republic, taking office in October, 1862. After two and a half years of a government centered on civil liberties and educational and commercial progress, Paraguayan forces invaded Argentine territory, an event that triggered the bloody war with Paraguay. Paraguay, ruled by dictator López, faced Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay that had signed a Treaty of Alliance whereby General Mitre was appointed General-in-Chief of the Allied Armies. Mitre delegated the country's government in his vice president, Doctor Marcos Paz, and left to direct the military operations, which lasted 5 years and ended with the occupation of Paraguay and the death of López. He contributed to the country's development until the end of his life through an intense intellectual activity, including the foundation, among others, of the daily La Nación in 1870. The newspaper, which continues to be published to this day, is one of the most prestigious newspapers of the Americas. Music Band Lieutenant José Arena (Italy 1869-Argentina 1954), composed the infantry march General Mitre, included in the repertoire of TR020101.
26. At the initiative of President Bernardino Rivadavia, creation of the Topographic and Statistics Department, 1826.
26. Occupation of the city of Buenos Aires by the British Army, 1806. Veteran troops commanded by Brigadier General William Carr Beresford took full control of the city.
26. Foundation of the Natural Sciences Museum, 1812. Thanks to an initiative of Bernardino Rivadavia, who in 1823 proceeded to establish for the second and final time the Museum that currently bears his name.
26. The Frigate La Argentina sets sail from Buenos Aires in its corsair trip against Spanish sea trade, commanded by Captain Hipolite Bouchard, 1817. For more details, see TR020102 "Marches and Bugle Calls of the Argentine Navy".
28. British defeated at Monmouth, New Jersey, by General George Washington, 1778.
28. Landing in Barragán Cove of the British army that would attempt a new conquest of the city of Buenos Aires, 1807. It was commanded by General John Whitelocke and formed by some 12,000 men.
28. Assassination of the Archduke Ferdinand of Austria and his wife at Sarajevo, 1914.
28. Treaty of Versailles signed, 1919.
29. Birth in the city of Cádiz, Spain, of Pedro A. de Cevallos, 1715. He belonged to a family of the Spanish nobility. Besides having a brilliant military career, he held senior public positions. He reached the rank of Field Marshall serving in the wars of Italy. He was appointed governor in 1756, and held office until 1766. In 1777 he was made the first viceroy of the Plata River Provinces, with seat in the city of Buenos Aires, a position he occupied until 1778, when he was replaced by Juan J. de Vértiz y Salcedo. One of his first actions as a viceroy was to combat the expansion of the Portuguese, by leading military actions that resulted in the occupation of Colonia del Sacramento.
29. US forces withdraw from Cambodia, 1970.
30. Moctezuma II, Emperor of the Aztecs, is born in Tenochtitlan (Mexico City), 1520.
30. French forces under Admiral de Tourville defeats the English and Dutch off Beachy Heads, 1690.
30. Acceptance of the resignation of the President of the United Provinces of the Plata River, Bernardino Rivadavia, 1827. The National Congress accepted his resignation presented on June 27 by 42 votes against 2, asking him to continue in his position until his replacement was appointed.
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