11. Dutch Admiral de Ruyter sails up the Thames and destroy several British ships, 1667.
11. Second foundation of the city of Buenos Aires, 1580. General Juan de Garay resettled the city, baptizing it City of the Holy Trinity and Port of Buenos Aires.
11. Battle of Los Pozos, 1826. Four Argentine ships, under Admiral William Brown, defeated a Brazilian fleet consisting of thirty ships, in front of the city of Buenos Aires. Several Brazilian vessels were captured and the remaining were forced to flee.
11. Normandy beachheads linked, 1944.
12. Royalist victory in the Upper Peru (Bolivia), 1817. An Argentine column commanded by Major Gregorio Aráoz de La Madrid was destroyed by a Spanish division commanded by Colonel La Hera in Sopachuy, close to the city of Chuquisaca.
12. Anne Frank, author of The Diary, born, 1929.
13. Alexander the Great, dies, 323 bC.
13. Gaaeus Julius Agricola, Roman military commander, completes the invasion of Britain begun by Julius Caesar, 40.
13. Birth in Castilla the Old, Spain, of Brigadier General Juan A. Álvarez de Arenales, 1770. An important figure in Argentine independence, he arrived in the Plata River and settled in the Eastern Bank. He served in the campaign against the Portuguese. Viceroy Arredondo granted him the rank of Lieutenant Colonel of the Buenos Aires militias. In 1809, he was in Chuquisaca and, although being Spanish, had a very active participation in the failed uprising against the viceroyship authorities on May 25, 1809. Made a prisoner, he was transported to Casas Matas in El Callao, Perú. After being released, he returned to the territory of the Plata River Provinces, joined the Army of the North and later took part in the Chile and Peru campaigns. He was governor of the provinces of Córdoba and Salta. Faced with the victory of federal caudillo Quiroga he migrated to Bolivia where he died 04-12-1831.
13. Birth in the city of Buenos Aires of General Antonio González Balcarce, 1774. In 1807, during the Second British Invasion, he took part in the defense of Montevideo. He was taken prisoner and transported to England, where he remained until the peace between Spain and England. He returned to Buenos Aires where he participated in the developments that lead to the first patriot government in May 1810. In 1813 he was the Governor of Buenos Aires. He was part of the Army of the Andes and commanded the Argentine-Chilean army that fought in the province of Concepción. He had to retire from military service due to ill health, and traveled to Buenos Aires where he died in 05-08-1819.
13. Beginning of the Boxer Rising, China, 1900.
13. Start of Germans V-1 Buzzy Bomb cruise missile against London, 1944.
14. The Austrians are defeated by Napoleon at the Battle of Marengo, 1800.
15. Edward "The Black Prince" is born, 1330.
15. Birth in Tupiza, Bolivia, of Doctor Eduardo Wilde, 1844. Graduated as a medical doctor from the University of Buenos Aires, he was a member of the brilliant 1880s generation which consolidated the bases for the development of Argentina in freedom. He was the author of several literary works.
16. Victory of the French Navy on British and Dutch in alliance, St Vincent, 1693.
16. John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, military commander, dies in Windsor, 1722.
16. War against Britain is declared by Spain, 1779.
16. The National Assembly decreed that the religious orders established in the country owed no obedience to any foreign religious authority, 1813.
17. Battle of Bunker Hill, first major battle of the American Revolution, 1775. The famous order to "hold fire until you can see the whites of their eyes" was obeyed meanwhile the Redcoats advanced against the Colonials occupying the heights above Boston: Breed's, Moulton's and Bunker. The British take the hills and held them, but the cost was very high. The major American weakness was the lack of a chain of command at the highest level, but this was soon remedied by the formation of the Continental Army and the appointment of George Washington as C-in-C.
17. Maori uprisings in New Zealand against the British, 1843.
17. First B-29 raid on mainland Japan, 1944.
18. The English are defeated by the French leaded by Joan of Arc at Patay, 1429.
18. Declaration of war between the United States and Great Britain, 1812.
18. The Duke of Wellington with the aid of Field Marshal Gebhard L. von Blücher defeats Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, 1815.
18. Germany and Turkey sign treaty of friendship, 1941.
19. The US steam sloop Kearsarge sank the Confederate cruiser Alabama off Cherburg, France, in the last single ship encounter between wooden warships, 1864.
19. Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, Emperor of Mexico, dies in Mexico, 1867.
19. Death in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, of Juan B. Alberdi, 1884. He was Argentina's most important 19th century law philosopher and constitutionalist.
20. Death of Lawyer and General Manuel Belgrano, 1820. He is one of the most prominent figures in Argentine history. He served the cause of independence since the beginning of the first patriot government, first as a member of the First Junta, then as a general and diplomat. Domingo F. Sarmiento said about him: "A General without the gift of military genius, a Statesman, without a sharp edges. His virtues were resignation and hope, honesty of purpose and disinterested work. His name, however, without being in the limelight, is linked to the major stages of our independence, and in more than one way, if we wish to retrace our steps into the past, on more than one path, Belgrano's candid figure will come to light ...". Creator of the National Flag, born to a rich family, he died in the greatest poverty.
20. Died by typhoid of the Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed, 1885.
20. Pancho Villa, robber, revolutionary and dictator, is murdered in Chihuahua, Mexico, 1923.
20. Invasion of Okinawa by US forces is completed (began 01-04), 1945.
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