11. Born in the city of Buenos Aires, General Juan G. Gregorio de Las Heras, 1780. He began his military career in 1806, during the First British Invasion, and also fought in the Second one. He enlisted at the time of the May Revolution, in 1810, and on October 24 was appointed Sergeant Major in the corp of Patricios of Cordoba. In 1813, he crossed the Andes to fight the Royalists together with the Chilean Independentists, commanding the corp of Chile Auxiliaries that had been sent by the Buenos Aires Government. He was triumphant in Cucha-Cucha and defeated in Rancagua, where with the Auxiliaries he protected the retreat of the Chileans into the province of Mendoza. He joined the Army of the Andes, where he organized the 11th Infantry Regiment, that would attain glory in future campaigns under his command. With the rank of Colonel he fought in Chacabuco and other feats of arms in Chile. He was Head of the Chiefs of Staff of the Peru Liberation Army. In 1822 he returned to Buenos Aires, and was appointed Plenipotentiary before the Spanish authorities that ruled the Upper Peru (currently Bolivia). On August 2, 1824 he was made Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires and on January 23, 1825 was appointed to head the National Executive Power. In 1828, he was promoted to General. He died in Santiago de Chile, February 6, 1866.
11. Jubal A. Early's Confederate forces reach the outskirts of Washington DC, 1864.
11. Beginning of a Paraguayan offensive against the Argentine troops in Yataytí-Corá, 1866. The Paraguayan forces surpassed the Argentines in number. In a bitter fight that lasted the whole day, the attackers were defeated. The Argentine forces were commanded by Colonel Ignacio Rivas.
12. Gaius Julius Caesar, Roman Emperor, soldier and writer, is born in Rome, 100 bC.
12. William the Lion defeated at Alnwick, Scotland, 1174.
12. Acre is captured by the Crusaders, Holy Land, 1191.
12. First arrival of English citizens to the city of Buenos Aires, 1610. Based on data provided by Diego Vera to the city's Cabildo, the first English to arrive were members of the crew of two ships.
12. The Jesuit priests who had settled in the city of Cordoba were first expelled by order of Spanish King, Charles III, and their assets were confiscated, 1767.
12. Proposal for a monarchy to be established in the United Provinces of the Plata, 1816. With independence having already been declared by the Tucuman Congress, its representatives began working on the country's political organization. The Representative of the Province of Catamarca, Manuel A. Acevedo motioned for the establishment of a monarchy, of the Inca dynasty and its successors, and proposed setting the capital in the city of Cuzco. The issue was the subject of lengthy debates, without arriving at a consensus.
12. Allies occupy Syria and Lebanon after Vichy French surrender in Syria, 1941.
13. Treaty of Utrecht, 1713. A Peace and Friendship Treaty was signed by the kingdoms of Spain and Great Britain, extensive to their American colonies. Among many other provisions, it stipulated that the crowns of Spain and France could not be vested on the same person and also established hereditary aspects for the English succession.
13. The Jesuits abandoned the city of Santa Fe, having been expelled from the Americas by order of Spanish King Charles III, 1767.
13. The ships of the British fleet carrying the army that had surrendered on July 7, 1807 set sail from Buenos Aires, headed for Montevideo.
13. The Viceroy of Peru declared the provinces of Charcas, La Paz, Potosí and Córdoba, incorporated to his viceroyship, 1810. These provinces were part of the Viceroyship of the Plata. Such annexation was a useless maneuver in an attempt to contain the revolution that had succeeded in Buenos Aires on May of that year.
13. Former street Unquera of the city of Buenos Aires was renamed La Florida, 1821, as mentioned in the Memoires of Colonel Jose I. Alvarez de Arenales. It was in remembrance of the combat that took place in the Upper Peru (currently Bolivia) on May 25, 1814, when patriot forces commanded by Colonel Juan A. Alvarez de Arenales defeated Spanish forces that tripled them in number. The Argentine chief survived the fourteen wounds he received in the hand-to-hand fight.
13. Inauguration in the city of Buenos Aires of the monument to General Jose de San Martin in the square that bears his name, 1862. The function was headed by the President of the Republic, General Bartolomé Mitre and the attending troops were commanded by General Benito Nazar, an Independence warrior.
14. Capture of Jerusalem by the First Crusade, 1099.
14. János Hunyadi, leader of the Hungarians, won a significant victory breaking the Turkish naval blockade of the Danube River, 1456. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 sent shock waves through Christendom. In 1455, the Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II mobilized his army to march on Belgrade, and possibly move on to the European heartland.
14. The people of Paris, France, successfully stormed the Bastille, a medieval fortress and jail located within the city. 1789. The date is considered to mark the French Revolution and it is the French National Day.
14. Tientsin, China, is captured by Occidental and Japanese forces, 1900.
14. Supression of all political parties in Germany other than the Nazis, 1933.
15. Capture and pillage of Rome by Genseric, 455.
15. Poles defeat the Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg, 1410.
15. Night bombing of the city of Buenos Aires by the Spanish fleet based in Montevideo, 1811.
15. Speech of Friar Justo Santa María de Oro at the Tucuman Congress opposing the establishment of a monarchic government, 1816. As a representative before that Assembly, he opposed the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, insisting that it has first necessary to consult with the people and that the Congress should limit itself to passing provisional regulations.
15. First long distance telephone call in South America, 1883. It took place between the cities of Buenos Aires and Rosario.
15. The Battle of Delville Wood, WW I's fiercest action fought by South African troops in the European theatre, 1916.
15. Second Battle of the Marne, France (to 03-08), 1918.
15. John J. Pershing, C-in-C of US troops in France during WW I, dies in Washington DC, 1948.
15. Successful test of a naval missile, 1953. The submarine USS Tunny fires from the surface a Regulus I cruise missile with nuclear capability. This launching signaled a new era in the history of the submarine force of the US Navy and on the Cold War.
16. Romans defeated by the Gauls at Allia, 390 bC.
16. The Spanish defeat the Moors at Tolosa, 1212.
16. Beginning of the Battle of Boqueron or Sauce, in the Paraguayan War, 1866. The allied army attacked Paraguayan positions in a fierce combat, that lasted three days.
16. Definitive installation of the Argentine Rural Society, 1866. On July 10, at the home of Benjamín Martínez de Hoz, a reading of the Bases and Rules of the Rural Society drafted by Eduardo Olivera had taken place. Some of the founding members who signed the Society's incorporation documents were José Martínez de Hoz, Eduardo Olivera, Lorenzo F. Agüero, Ramón Vitón, Francisco B. Madero, Jorge Temperley, Ricardo Newton, Jorge R. Stegman and Mariano Casares.
16. Inauguration of the leg joining the localities of Temperley and Cañuelas of the Southern Railway, 1885.
16. Assasination of Russian Tsar and his family at Ekatarinburg, Siberia, 1918.
16. The first A bomb is exploded from a 100 foot tower at Trinity Site, near Alamogordo, New Mexico, USA, 1945.
17. Spanish defeated by Moors at Fraga, 1134.
17. Destruction of Swedish fleet by Russians, 1788.
17. Death of Carlos Pellegrini, 1906. He had been born in Buenos Aires, October 10, 1846. He fought in the Paraguay War and held the following public positions: National Representative in 1874 and 1906; Minister of War and Navy in the Government of Nicolas Avellaneda and in the first administration of General Julio A. Roca; he was the founder of the Buenos Aires Jockey Club; he established the Conversion Caisse and the Argentine National Bank (Banco de la Nación Argentina.) In 1886 he was part of a presidential slate with Miguel Juárez Celman, as candidate to vice president. After the revolution of July 26, 1890, driven by the Radical Party, which favored a coup and caused the President to resign, he succeeded him as President and concluded the constitutional mandate with the general approval of the citizens, managing to dispel the revolutionary atmosphere that existed at the time he took over. He was one of the Republic's greatest public men.
17. Opening of Potsdam Conference. Japanese are given terms of surrender, 1945.
17. Division of Jerusalem, with the New City in Israeli hands and the Old City in Jordanian hands, 1948. Until June 1967, when Israeli soldiers overran the Old City and a reunited Jerusalem became the political capital of the State of Israel.
18. Public swearing of the Constitution of the Republic of Uruguay, 1830. As stipulated in the peace convention signed by the Republic of Argentina and Brazil, on August 27, 1828, which ended the state of war that had existed between the two countries. The Constitution that was sworn had been previously approved on May 26, by the commissioners of the governments of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro.
18. Definition of the Battle of Boqueron, Paraguay, 1866. Two days earlier, the Paraguayan forces had launched an assault against the allied positions. In the battle, the Argentine forces were commanded by General Emilio Mitre; those of Brazil by Field Marshall Polidoro, while the Uruguayan forces were led by General Flores, who was also the Commander in Chief. Both sides sustained heavy casualties, with the allied forces coming out victorious.
18. Paraguayan victory in Acayasua, 1868. A column of Argentine and Brazilian forces led by Argentine Colonel Miguel J. Martínez de Hoz, was attacked by Paraguayan cavalry that ambushed them. The Brazilians fled while the Argentines sustained the fight heroically until the end, when they all fell. Colonel Martínez de Hoz had been born in Buenos Aires, March 14, 1832.
18. Army revolt led by generals Francisco Franco and Emilio Mola begins the Spanish Civil War, 1936.
19. The Spanish Armada enters the English Channel after being dispersed by a storm, 1588.
19. Samuel Colt, American gunsmith and inventor, is born in Connecticut, 1814.
19. The Congress of Tucuman asserted independence, not only from Spain but also from all foreign domination, in the wording of the oaths, 1816.
19. The Congress of representatives of the eastern province of Uruguay agreed to "become a part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and Algarves under the name of Cisplatine State", 1821.
19. France declares war on Prusia, 1870.
19. Mass assault of French tanks at Soissons, 1918. The then new Renault FT-17 (FT stood for faible tonnage or lightweight, weighing less than 6.5 Tons.), carried a crew of two men and was conceived as a char d'assaut, to support the infantry attacks. One of the most successful armoured vehicles of all time, the little FT-17 was the only tank to see combat in the two world wars as well as several other conflicts in between. Its basic design took a long time to become outdated. With its outstanding mobility and its centrally located, 360° rotating turret it essentially defined the tank as we know it today.
20. Birth in Lessina, Dalmacia of Juan Vucetich, 1858. He arrived in Argentina in 1882. He created the Argentine dactiloscopic system, universally adopted for the identification of people. He died January 25, 1925.
20. Battle of Lissa, 1866. The new steam-and-steel era would truly commence with the first sea battle between ironclad steam fleets off the island of Lissa in the Adriatic. An Austrian victory over the Italians.
20. German troops retret at the Marne, 1918.
20. Assassination atempt against Adolf Hitler falls, 1944.
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