11. Llewelyn, last independent prince of the Welsh, is defeated at Aber Edw, 1282
11. The Duke of Alba, Spanish military commander, dies, 1582
11. British forces take Sidi Barrani, North Africa, 1940
11. USA declares war on Germany and Italy, 1941
12. General William Miller is born in Eingham, Kent, England, 1795. He arrived at the Plata region on August 1817 and enrolled in the army as an Artillery Captain. In 1818, he joined the Argentine – Chilean joint forces. He participated in many of the battles of the campaigns for the independence of Chile and Peru.
12. Recognition of Chilean Independence, 1818. The Congress of the United Provinces of the Plata solemnly recognizes the independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Chile, 1818.
12. General Robert G.Nivelle replaces Marshal Joseph Joffre as C-in-C of the French Western Front, 1916.
12. China under Chiang Kai Shek declare war on Japan, 1936.
13. Napoleon captures Madrid, 1808.
13. Japanese sack Nanking, 1937.
13. Battle of the River Plate: Cruisers HMS Achilles; HMS Ajax and HMS Exeter and German light-battleship Graf Spee, 1939.
14. First successful expedition to the summit of the Aconcagua, the tallest mountain in the American continent, located in the Province of Mendoza, Argentina, 1902.
15. Nero Claudius Caesar Drusus Germanicus, or just Nero, Roman Emperor, is born in Antium, 37.
15. Napoleon enters Warsaw, 1806.
15. Napoleon's remains are deposited in Les Invalides, Paris, 1840.
15. Execution of Senior Spanish officials in Potosí, 1810. During the month of October of that year, the city of La Paz –currently the capital city of the Republic of Bolivia- and its territories, as well as other regions of the Upper Peru, were occupied by a Spanish army sent by the Viceroy of Peru, led by General Goyeneche. Soon after, other senior officers arrived on site, such as Field Marshal Vicente Nieto and Captain and Brigadier General José de Córdoba y Rojas. They set up a martial court that committed bloody atrocities against the citizens who supported the independent government that had been established in Buenos Aires in May, 1810, in an attempt to stifle their claims for more freedom by acts of terror. After the Battle of Suipacha, November 7, 1810, the first victory of the Argentine arms, Marshal Nieto and Captain Córdoba y Rojas were taken prisoner together with another repressor of American independentists, Francisco de Paula Sanz, Governor of Potosí. Doctor Juan J. Castelli, appointed representative of the Buenos Aires Government Junta before the Upper Peru Army, led by General Antonio González Balcarce who had that fought said battle, ordered them executed at the city's Main Square.
15. Sitting Bull, chief of the Sioux tribes, dies in South Dakota, 1890.
16. Olivier Cromwell is appointed Lord Protector of England, 1653.
16. Gebhard von Blücher, Prussian military commander, is born, 1742.
16. Establishment of the Constitutional Assembly in Buenos Aires, 1824. The celebration of this Congress was an initiative of Bernardino Rivadavia. The goal was to unite the provinces in a nation governed by a representative system; establish internal peace, expel the Brazilians from the Eastern Bank and attain Paraguay's adhesion. On March, 1823, several citizens were appointed to invite the provinces to take part in this major endeavor. The provinces had to name one representative per each 15,000 inhabitants, based on the 1817 Provisional Regulations. Despite the honorable spirit that inspired this Project, to which many made important contributions, some provinces (Córdoba, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, La Rioja and Catamarca) did not support it for fear that their independence would not be respected. Some provincial leaders such as local strongmen Bustos and Quiroga were the first to express their opposition since they were well aware that they would lose their influence. The provinces that sent representatives were Entre Ríos, Santa Fe, Corrientes, Misiones, Mendoza, San Juan, San Luis, Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca, Tucumán, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, La Rioja, the Eastern Bank, and Tarija. Their representatives were the notables of each location. At the start of the sessions, Doctor Manuel A. Castro was appointed President, Doctor Narciso F. de Laprida was elected Vice President and Mr. Alejo Villegas and Mr. Juan M. Díaz Vélez were appointed Secretaries.
16. Argentine invasion of Brazilian territories, 1826. The Argentine army, in operations after Brazil declared war against Argentina, penetrates Brazilian territories.
16. Boers defeat Zulus at Blood River, Natal, 1838.
16. Battle of Verdun ends, 1916.
16. Armistice on the Eastern Front, Europe, 1917.
16. Admiral Chester Nimitz becomes C-in-C of US Pacific Fleet, 1941.
16. Battle of the Bulge, the major German Ardennes offensive, begins, 1944. More than 20 divisions of the Wermacht start a massive offensive with the hope to split the Allies in the Western Front both militarily and politically.
17. Simón Bolívar, military leader in South America, dies, 1830.
17. End of Battle of the River Plate as light-battleship Graf Spee under command of Captain Hans Langsdorff is scuttled, 1939.
18. Defeat of Scots at Clifton Moor, 1745.
19. Napoleon recaptures Toulon from Alexander Hood, 1793.
19. Capture of Fort Niagara by British, 1813.
19. Adolf Hitler takes personal command of the German Army, 1941.
20. Erich Ludendorff, soldier and early member of the Nazi party, dies in Munich, 1937.
20. Admiral King appointed C-in-C of the US Fleet, 1941.
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