21. Birth in the city of Buenos Aires of Admiral Manuel Blanco Encalada, 1790. He was an important figure in the War of Independence. He saved almost all the Patriot artillery in the battle of Cancha Rayada which, under his command, operated miracles in the Battle of Maipo. In 1818 he formed the Chilean fleet. In 1826, he was elected President of the Republic of Chile. He died in the city of Santiago, 05-09-1876.
21. Battle of Mondovi, 1796. The French Army of Italy defeat the Piedmontese forces of General Michel Colli, in alliance with the Austrians. Three columns, leaded by generals Sérurier, left, Masséna centre and Angereau right flank, made a deep attack meanwhile the most experienced French cavalry officer, General Henri C. M. Stengel, was mortally wounded. Murat, future marshal, now leading the cavalry, threw back the Piedmontese and pursued them onto the plain. This victory was the turning point of a campaign that had begun just 10 days earlier. On April 23, as the French forces were advancing on Turin, King Victor Amadeus II asked for peace terms. On April 28 the Armistice of Cherasco ceded Control of Piedmont to France.
21. British victory in Colonia del Sacramento, 1807. Forces commanded by Colonel Pack defeated the militias of Spanish Colonel Elío, who were attempting to attack them by surprise.
21. Battle of Landshut, 1809. Two weeks after Hapsburg Archduke Charles' main army invaded Bavaria, a counterattack of French and Bavarian forces retake this town from retreating Austrians.
21. Battle of Riobamba, 1822. A force of 96 mounted grenadiers led by then Commandant Juan G. de Lavalle, charged against around 450 Royalists. In his war report, de Lavalle mentions Sergeant Major Alejo Buix, Lieutenant Francisco Olmos, Sergeants Díaz and Vega and grenadier Lucero as the most noteworthy due to their bravery and audacity.
21. Battle of San Jacinto, 1836. General Antonio López de Santa Ana, Mexican President and dictator is defeated by Sam Houston. One day later Santa Ana was taken prisioner.
21. Death in action of German ace pilot von Richthofen, 1918.
21. Admiral Mineichi Koga succeeds Admiral Yamamoto as C-in-C Combined Fleet, 1943.
21. Polish forces capture and U.S. forces occupy Bologna, Italy, 1945.
22. Inauguration of the electric tramway service in the city of Buenos Aires, 1897.
22. First successful gas attack opens limited German offensive at Ypres (to 24-05), 1915.
22. The Chinese Communist Forces launched its great spring offensive in Korea, 1951. They sent 250.000 men in 27 divisions into the attack along 65 Km from North of Seoul. After some initial gains, they were turned back with terrible losses.
23. Death in Madrid, Spain, of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, 1616. The date has been selected to commemorate the Day of the Castilian Language. He had been born in 1547. He studied in the Universities of Alcalá de Henares and Seville, although the lack of resources prevented him from completing his studies. In 07-10-1571, he took part in the Battle of Lepanto, where he was wounded in the chest and the left hand. Consequently, he became known as "Lepanto's Handless". In 1585 he published La Galatea and then wrote theater plays. In 1604 the first part of The Quixote was published in Madrid and distributed the following year with good success. In 1613 he published Exemplar Novels and became a Franciscan priest. The second part of The Quixote appeared in 1615.
23. Final North Sea sortie of German High Seas Fleet (to 25-04), 1918.
23. The S.S. Reichsführer Heinrich Himmler offers to surrender to Western Allies, 1945.
23. U.S. Army soldiers of Company K of the 32nd. Infantry Regiment runs a night counterattack to a position –Hill 902- held by a whole regiment of the NK 45th. División, in a successful bayonet charge, Korean War, 1951.
24. Easter rising, Dublin (to 01-05), Ireland, 1916.
24. Italian delegates quit Versailles peace conference (to 06-05), France, 1919.
24. Greek Army surrenders, 1941.
25. Inauguration in Buenos Aires of the first Colon Theater, 1857. For the inauguration there was a gala performance of La Traviata by Giuseppe Verdi. The theater was located at the corner of streets Rivadavia and Reconquista, in front of May Square. The theater closed on 13-09-1888, when the building was sold to the National Bank. A year later the writ for the construction of the current Colon Theater was signed. It was inaugurated on 5-05-1908, with the attendance of the President of Argentina, Doctor José Figueroa Alcorta.
25. German forces enter Athens, 1941.
25. Liberation of Dachau camp, 1945.
25. U.S. and Soviet troops meet near Torgau, joining the fronts in Northwest Europe, 1945.
26. Death in the city of Buenos Aires of Sergeant Major Thomas Craig, 1863. Born in Ireland in 1780, he participated in the first British Invasion, which conquered the city of Buenos Aires in 1806. He then settled and got married in the country. After May 1810, he put his sword to the service of the cause of independence, joining the Auxiliary Army of Colonel Ortiz de Ocampo. During his military campaigns, at all times he demonstrated great personal courage and serenity
26. Collapse of German resistance, 1945.
27. Death of Ferdinand Magellan, 1521. In a fierce combat with Philippine natives, one of the most important navigators of the XVIth. Century was killed. He had been born in Portugal in 1470. In January 1520 he had given the name of Sweet-water Sea or Solis River, to the current Plata River. Continuing southward he stopped to winter at Gulf San Julian, where part of the crew of his fleet rebelled. During that period he explored the coasts of Patagonia and the South Atlantic. Having resumed his trip, in October they arrived at a wide arm of the sea that turned inland. This channel that links the Atlantic and Pacific oceans was named by Magellan All Saints Canal and he named the south coast Land of Fire (Tierra del Fuego) The strait was named after its discoverer.
27. Letter from the Marquis de Lafayette to John Paul Jones, 1779. With the support of Benjamin Franklin, American Commissioner to France, and other important individuals in Paris and in America, they were incubating a plan to raid the British homeland by landing French infantry in port towns on the western coast of England. The planned raids never took place, but both Lafayette and Jones went on to greater glory. Lafayette returned to America to defend Virginia and see the surrender of the British forces under Cornwallis at Yorktown, returning as a hero to France in 1782. Jones continued attacking British shipping in the North Atlantic, culminating in his quotable encounter with the Serapis off Flamborough Head.
27. Born in Charleston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Samuel F. B. Morse, 1791. Inventor of the electric telegraph.
27. Sir Arthur Wellesley –later to be the Duke of Wellington- assumed control of the British forces at Spain and Portugal, 1809.
27. Admiral William Brown attacked the Brazilian frigate Emperatriz, 1826. The artillery fire was ceaseless for over an hour. As a consequence, the Brazilian ship was almost destroyed.
27. U.S. 5th Army reaches Genoa, Italy, 1945.
28. An Spanish fleet under conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi arrived at Cebu and stablish the first settlement in what would soon be the Spanish colony of the Philippines, 1565.
28. Red Army defeated at Viborg (to 29-04), Finland, 1918.
29. Death of Benito Mussolini, Italian dictator, 1945.
29. Liberation of concentration camp at Dachau, 1945.
30. Start of railway service between the cities of Buenos Aires and Bahía Blanca, 1884.
30. According to data published in the Bulletin of the Municipality of the City of Buenos Aires, the population was 1,201,732 inhabitants, 1909.
30. Adolf Hitler commits suicide, 1945.
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